The most common modifications are at the end of the string – at the 3’ or 5’ end, or combined. The modifying molecule may be in the middle of the chain, the bases in the chain may be replaced by their analogs; spacers of different lengths and nature, functional groups or molecules may be inserted into the chain. Modified phosphate linkage may be in the chain in all or only in selected positions. Less frequent modifications or their combinations are recommended to be consulted first because there are many limitations for synthesis and for purification of the resulting product.
Amino C3sp The amino group is bound to the 5' end of the oligonucleotide sequence by a three carbon spacer. It is used as an intermediate for further oligo modifications (attachment to special surfaces, conjugation).
Amino C6sp The amino group is bound to the 5' end of the oligonucleotide sequence by a six carbon spacer. It is used as an intermediate for further oligo modifications (attachment to special surfaces, conjugation).
Amino C7sp The amino group is bound to the 3' end of the oligonucleotide sequence by a seven carbon spacer. It is used as an intermediate for further oligo modifications (attachment to special surfaces, conjugation) while keeping the 5' end free for another possible modification and as a blocker of 3' polymerase extension.
BBQ650 Quencher suitable for fluorophores having an emission wavelength range from 550 to 750 nm. BBQ-650 may be attached to the 5'end or the 3' end of the oligonucleotide.
BHQ1 A quencher suitable for fluorophores having an emission wavelength range from 480 to 580 nm. BHQ1 may be attached anywhere within the oligonucleotide sequence.
BHQ2 A quencher suitable for fluorophores having an emission wavelength range from 540 to 670 nm. BHQ2 may be attached anywhere within the oligonucleotide sequence.
BHQ3 Quencher suitable for fluorophores having an emission wavelength range from 620 to 730 nm. BHQ3 may be attached to the 3'end of the oligonucleotide.
Biotin Biotin may be attached either to the 5' end or the 3' end of the oligonucleotide. The biotin molecule is separated from the 3' end by a sixteen carbon spacer.
Biotin dT Biotin dT is attached with a six carbon spacer at position 5 of the thymine circle. Biotin dT may be attached anywhere within the oligonucleotide sequence except for the 3' end.
Biotin-TEG Biotin is ligated to the oligonucleotide by means of a triethylene glycol spacer (TEG), extending the distance between the oligonucleotide and the biotin by 15 atoms. Biotin-TEG may be ligated to the 3 'end of the oligonucleotide.
C8-Alkyne-dC It is used for conjugations based on the click chemistry principle. C8-Alkyne-dC may be attached anywhere within the oligonucleotide sequence except for the 3' end.
C8-Alkyne-dT It is used for conjugations based on the click chemistry principle. C8-Alkyne-dT may be attached anywhere within the oligonucleotide sequence except for the 3' end.
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