Everyone is different, because of the genome diversity. This fact influences the efficiency of medicine and therefore genotyping should help in the field of potential therapeutics testing or in personalized medicine.
Genotyping is the process of determining differences in the genetic make-up (genotype) of an individual by examining the individual’s DNA sequence and comparing it to another individual’s sequence or a reference sequence.
Genotyping applies to a broad range of individuals, including microorganisms. For example, viruses and bacteria can be genotyped. Genotyping in this context may help in controlling the spreading of pathogens, by tracing the origin of outbreaks.
An important test for new drug candidates is xenobiotic biotransformation. In this field cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes play crucial role. Individual CYP activity may also be affected by different xenobiotics – either induction or inhibition of distinct CYP isoenzyme may cause failure or toxicity of pharmacotherapy. Therefore activity testing prior to genotyping is tested.
CYP2A6 contain more than 20 basic variants, most important are alleles 1, 2, 4, 9 and 12. Which are connected in drug metabolism. And for each allele different analytical method is used (real-time PCR with dual labelled probe or real-time PCR using SYBR green followed by melting analysis).
For better understanding and appropriate interpretation biochemical testing is complete with genotyping. For example genotyping of cytochrome CYP2A6 should be done. These data help in evaluation of biotransformation studies.
Topics on Drug Metabolism (2012), InTech, ISBN 978-953-51-0099-7
gb SG PCR Master Mix gb SG PCR Master Mix je určen pro real-time PCR analýzu, kde sybrgreen (dále jen SG) nahrazuje použití fluorescenčně značené sondy. Master Mix PCR lze využít také v end-point PCR analýze. Jeho výhodou je zvýšená odolnost proti PCR inhibitorům.
Why choose alternative dyes instead of "genuine" dyes? First, they are cheaper, and second, they can give the same results. Another reason is that the number of suppliers who can provide modified oligonucleotides is restricted - only a patent or a licence owner is usually allowed to produce them.
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